Dr Rahul Bhargava Haematologist

MBBS, MD, DM (Clinical Haematology)

Principal Director & Chief Hematology at Fortis Hospital

MBBS, MD, DM (Clinical Haematology)

Principal Director & Chief Hematology at Fortis Hospital

Agranulocytosis

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) :

Agranulocytosis is a condition where the number of granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) drops significantly, leaving the body vulnerable to infections.

 

Yes, if left untreated, agranulocytosis can lead to severe infections, which may become life-threatening. Early detection and treatment are crucial.

 

It is commonly caused by medications, autoimmune diseases, bone marrow disorders, and infections.

 

About Agranulocytosis

Agranulocytosis is a serious blood condition characterized by an extremely low level of granulocytes (a type of white blood cell) in the blood. Granulocytes play a crucial role in fighting infections, and their depletion can leave the body vulnerable to severe infections. Early detection and treatment of agranulocytosis are essential to prevent life-threatening complications.

Causes of Agranulocytosis

Agranulocytosis can develop due to several factors, including:

  • Medications: Certain drugs like chemotherapy agents, antibiotics, or anti-thyroid medications can cause agranulocytosis as a side effect.
  • Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions such as lupus can trigger the immune system to attack and destroy granulocytes.
  • Bone Marrow Diseases: Diseases that affect bone marrow function, such as leukemia, can lead to agranulocytosis.
  • Infections: Certain viral infections, like HIV or hepatitis, can cause bone marrow suppression, leading to a decrease in granulocytes.

Types of Agranulocytosis

There are two primary types of agranulocytosis:

  1. Congenital Agranulocytosis: A rare, inherited form of the disease, usually present at birth.
  2. Acquired Agranulocytosis: This form develops later in life and is often a result of medications, infections, or autoimmune diseases.

Symptoms of Agranulocytosis

Patients with agranulocytosis may experience a variety of symptoms, including:

  • Frequent infections (especially in the throat, mouth, and skin)
  • Fever and chills
  • Fatigue or weakness
  • Sore throat
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Unexplained bleeding or bruising

Diagnosis of Agranulocytosis

Dr. Rahul Bhargava follows a thorough diagnostic approach to identify agranulocytosis:

  1. Blood Tests: A complete blood count (CBC) will measure the number of granulocytes in the blood. A low count confirms agranulocytosis.
  2. Bone Marrow Biopsy: In some cases, a bone marrow biopsy may be recommended to assess the health of the bone marrow and rule out other conditions like leukemia.
  3. Medication Review: Dr. Bhargava will review your medical history to identify if medications are the likely cause.

Treatment for Agranulocytosis

The treatment approach for agranulocytosis depends on the underlying cause:

  • Stopping Medications: If a specific medication is causing the condition, discontinuing the drug may allow granulocyte levels to return to normal.
  • Medications to Boost White Blood Cell Production: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) may be prescribed to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more granulocytes.
  • Antibiotics and Antifungals: To prevent or treat infections, antibiotics or antifungal medications are often given.
  • Immunosuppressive Therapies: In autoimmune cases, drugs that suppress the immune system may be used to prevent further destruction of granulocytes.

Cost of Treatment and Stay in India

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