Lymphoma
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Frequently Asked Questions :
The survival rate varies based on the type and stage of lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma has a higher survival rate compared to non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with early detection significantly improving outcomes.
Lymphoma is staged from I to IV, with Stage I indicating localized disease and Stage IV indicating widespread involvement of lymph nodes and other organs.
While lymphoma is not directly inherited, a family history of the disease can increase the risk.
Many cases of lymphoma, especially Hodgkin lymphoma, can be cured, particularly when diagnosed early. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma has a variable prognosis depending on the subtype.
About :-
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s immune system. It affects lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight infections. When these cells grow abnormally, they can form tumors in the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, or other parts of the body.
Causes of Lymphoma
The exact cause of lymphoma is not well understood, but several factors may increase the risk:
- Age: Lymphoma can occur at any age but is more common in people over 60.
- Gender: Some types of lymphoma are more common in men.
- Family History: Having a family history of lymphoma may increase the risk.
- Immune System Deficiencies: Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, are at a higher risk.
- Infections: Certain viral infections like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Helicobacter pylori have been linked to lymphoma.
Types of Lymphoma
Lymphoma is broadly categorized into two main types:
- Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL): Characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. It is considered more predictable and often easier to treat than non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL): A diverse group of blood cancers that include different subtypes of lymphoma, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. NHL is more common than HL.
Symptoms of Lymphoma
Lymphoma symptoms can vary depending on the type and location of the disease but commonly include:
- Swollen lymph nodes, often in the neck, armpit, or groin
- Fever
- Night sweats
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Itchy skin
- Shortness of breath or chest pain
Diagnosis of Lymphoma
Diagnosing lymphoma involves several steps:
- Physical Examination: Initial assessment of swollen lymph nodes and overall health.
- Blood Tests: To check for signs of lymphoma in the blood.
- Imaging Tests: CT scans, PET scans, or MRI scans to detect tumors and determine the spread of the disease.
- Biopsy: The most definitive test where a lymph node or part of a lymph node is removed and examined under a microscope to identify lymphoma cells.
Treatment Options for Lymphoma
The treatment for lymphoma depends on its type, stage, and the patient’s overall health:
- Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to kill cancer cells, often used in combination with other treatments.
- Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays are used to target and kill lymphoma cells.
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the body’s immune system to fight lymphoma.
- Targeted Therapy: Drugs or other substances that precisely target and attack cancer cells.
- Stem Cell Transplant: Involves replacing diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
Cost of Treatment and Stay in India
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