Dr Rahul Bhargava Haematologist

MBBS, MD, DM (Clinical Haematology)

Principal Director & Chief Hematology at Fortis Hospital

MBBS, MD, DM (Clinical Haematology)

Principal Director & Chief Hematology at Fortis Hospital

Porphyria

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) :

Porphyria flare-ups are often triggered by factors like alcohol, certain medications, stress, and hormonal changes. Sunlight exposure can trigger symptoms in cutaneous porphyrias.

 

While porphyria cannot be completely cured, it can be managed effectively through lifestyle changes, medications, and avoiding triggers.

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Porphyria is diagnosed using blood, urine, and genetic tests. These tests detect abnormal levels of porphyrins and other chemicals that accumulate in the body.

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What is Porphyria?

Porphyria refers to a group of genetic disorders that affect the body’s ability to produce heme. Heme is an important component of hemoglobin, which is essential for carrying oxygen in the blood. When there’s a disruption in this process, it leads to the accumulation of certain chemicals, which cause the symptoms of porphyria.

Causes of Porphyria

The primary cause of porphyria is a genetic mutation passed down from parents to children. This mutation affects enzymes involved in heme production. There are, however, various triggers that can provoke symptoms, including:

  • Certain medications
  • Alcohol consumption
  • Smoking
  • Hormonal changes (such as during menstruation)
  • Stress or infections
  • Sunlight exposure

Types of Porphyria

Porphyria is classified into two broad categories:

  1. Acute Porphyrias
    Acute porphyrias mainly affect the nervous system and can cause severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and neurological issues. The most common types include:

    • Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP)
    • Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP)
    • Variegate Porphyria (VP)

Symptoms of Porphyria

The symptoms of porphyria vary depending on the type, but common signs include:

Acute Porphyria Symptoms:
  • Severe abdominal pain
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Muscle weakness
  • Seizures
  • Rapid heart rate (tachycardia)
  • Confusion or hallucinations

How is Porphyria Diagnosed?

Dr. Rahul Bhargava recommends a detailed diagnostic process to ensure the right treatment plan:

  1. Blood Tests
    Blood tests help measure the levels of certain enzymes and porphyrins, which are crucial in diagnosing porphyria.

  2. Urine Tests
    Urine analysis can detect increased levels of porphyrins, especially during an acute attack.

  3. Genetic Testing
    Genetic testing identifies mutations responsible for different forms of porphyria. This test is particularly useful for people with a family history of the condition.

Treatment of Porphyria

The treatment approach depends on the type of porphyria and the severity of symptoms. Dr. Rahul Bhargava provides personalized treatment plans that can include:

  1. Avoidance of Triggers:
    Identifying and avoiding the specific factors that trigger symptoms (e.g., certain medications, alcohol) is crucial for managing porphyria.

  2. Medications:
    Drugs like hemin injections may be prescribed to reduce symptoms during an acute attack. Other medications might include pain relief and anti-nausea drugs.

  3. Lifestyle Changes:
    In the case of cutaneous porphyria, protecting skin from sunlight by wearing protective clothing and sunscreen is essential.

Cost of Treatment and Stay in India

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