Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Introduction:

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a slow-growing cancer of the blood and bone marrow, commonly affecting older adults. It develops when abnormal lymphocytes accumulate and interfere with normal blood cell function, weakening the immune system. Diagnosis and treatment depend on disease progression, genetic markers, and patient health. India offers advanced, affordable care for CLL with options like targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and bone marrow transplant.

About Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL):
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the production of abnormal lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, which gradually crowd out healthy cells and compromise the immune system. CLL typically progresses slowly and is most commonly diagnosed in older adults.

Types of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia:
There are two main types of CLL, classified based on the presence of a protein called ZAP-70:

• ZAP-70 Positive CLL: This type tends to grow more rapidly and may require earlier treatment.
• ZAP-70 Negative CLL: This type grows more slowly, and patients may not need treatment for many years.

Causes of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia:
The exact cause of CLL is still unknown, but several risk factors have been identified, including:

• Age: Most cases occur in individuals over 60.
• Genetics: Family history of CLL or other blood cancers may increase risk.
• Exposure to Chemicals: Certain chemicals, such as those used in farming or manufacturing, have been linked to an increased risk of developing CLL

Symptoms of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia:

• Swollen Lymph Nodes: Painless swelling in the neck, armpits, or groin.
• Frequent Infections: Increased susceptibility to infections, such as respiratory or urinary tract infections.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Gradual weight loss without trying.
• Night Sweats: Severe sweating during the night, often disrupting sleep.
• Enlarged Spleen or Liver: Discomfort or fullness in the abdomen due to organ enlargement.
• Anemia: Low red blood cell count, causing paleness, shortness of breath, and dizziness.
• Bruising and Bleeding: Easier bruising or bleeding, such as frequent nosebleeds or bleeding gums.

Diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia:
Diagnosing CLL typically involves:

• Blood Tests: A complete blood count (CBC) to check for abnormal lymphocytes.
• Bone Marrow Biopsy: To assess the extent of leukemia in the bone marrow.
• Immunophenotyping: To determine the specific type of leukemia.
• Genetic Testing: To identify any chromosomal abnormalities that could influence treatment.

Treatment Options for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia:

Dr. Rahul Bhargava offers a comprehensive range of treatment options for CLL, tailored to each patient’s unique needs:

• Watchful Waiting: In cases where CLL is progressing slowly, close monitoring may be recommended without immediate treatment.
• Targeted Therapy: Drugs that specifically target cancer cells without affecting normal cells.
• Chemotherapy: Medications used to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells.
• Immunotherapy: Treatments that boost the body’s immune system to fight cancer.
• Bone Marrow Transplant: In advanced cases, a bone marrow transplant may be necessary to replace diseased cells with healthy ones.

Cost of Treatment and Stay in India:

The cost of treatment for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in India can vary depending on the type of treatment and the medical facility. On average, the expenses for treatment, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hospitalization, can range as follows:

• Chemotherapy: $2,000 – $5,000 USD (₹1,50,000 – ₹3,75,000 INR)
• Immunotherapy/Targeted Therapy: $4,000 – $12,000 USD (₹3,00,000 – ₹9,00,000 INR)
• Bone Marrow Transplant: $15,000 – $25,000 USD (₹11,25,000 – ₹18,75,000 INR)
• Hospital Stay: $50 – $200 per day (₹3,750 – ₹15,000 INR)

Additional costs for consultations, tests, and follow-up visits may also apply. India offers cost-effective treatment options, with high-quality medical care available in leading hospitals, making it a popular destination for international patients.