Factor II, V, VII, X, or XII Deficiencies

Factor deficiencies such as Factor II (Prothrombin), V, VII, X, and XII are rare genetic bleeding disorders that affect the body’s ability to form clots. These conditions can lead to excessive bleeding and are often diagnosed early in life. This page provides detailed information about these deficiencies, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatments in India. We also offer insights into the costs and stay for medical treatments under the expert care of Dr. Rahul Bhargava, one of India’s leading hematologists.

Factor Deficiencies

Factors II, V, VII, X, and XII are proteins in the blood that help with clotting. When any of these factors are deficient, the blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding after an injury or surgery, or sometimes bleeding can occur spontaneously.

• Factor II Deficiency (Prothrombin Deficiency): A very rare genetic disorder where the body lacks prothrombin, leading to bleeding problems.
• Factor V Deficiency (Owren’s Disease): This rare condition can cause moderate to severe bleeding.
• Factor VII Deficiency: This is the most common among rare clotting disorders and can lead to frequent nosebleeds, gum bleeding, or severe bleeding after surgery.
• Factor X Deficiency: This can be inherited or acquired and is associated with moderate to severe bleeding symptoms.
• Factor XII Deficiency: This is rare and, unlike the others, may not always cause bleeding but can increase the risk of thrombosis.

Each of these deficiencies affects blood coagulation differently, but the result is often the same: patients struggle with uncontrolled bleeding, bruising, and, in some cases, internal hemorrhaging.

Causes of Factor Deficiencies

Most Factor deficiencies are inherited, passed from parents to children through genes. They can be caused by:

• Genetic mutations: Inherited from one or both parents.
• Acquired deficiencies: In some cases, Factor deficiencies may develop due to certain medical conditions like liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, or the use of certain medications like anticoagulants.

Types of Factor Deficiencies

Factor deficiencies can be classified based on the specific clotting factor affected:

1. Factor II Deficiency (Prothrombin Deficiency): Rare and affects both males and females.
2. Factor V Deficiency (Owren’s Disease): Symptoms may vary from mild to severe.
3. Factor VII Deficiency: The most common of the rare factor deficiencies, affecting both males and females.
4. Factor X Deficiency: Inherited or acquired, leading to bleeding disorders.
5. Factor XII Deficiency: May not always cause bleeding but could pose a higher risk of clotting.

Symptoms of Factor Deficiencies

Symptoms of Factor deficiencies can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Some of the most common symptoms include:

• Frequent nosebleeds
• Excessive bleeding after surgery or injury
• Easy bruising
• Heavy menstrual bleeding
• Joint pain and swelling due to internal bleeding
• Bleeding gums
• Blood in urine or stool

In more severe cases, spontaneous internal bleeding or brain hemorrhages can occur, which are life-threatening.

Diagnosis of Factor Deficiencies

Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical examination and laboratory tests. Some of the common diagnostic tests include:

• Complete blood count (CBC): To check for signs of anemia or clotting problems.
• Coagulation factor assays: To measure the levels of clotting factors in the blood.
• Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT): To assess how quickly the blood clots.
• Genetic testing: To confirm inherited factor deficiencies.

Once a diagnosis is made, Dr. Rahul Bhargava’s team develops a personalized treatment plan based on the patient’s needs.

Treatment Options for Factor Deficiencies

Treatment for Factor deficiencies aims to prevent or control bleeding episodes. The options depend on the specific deficiency:

• Factor replacement therapy: This is the primary treatment, where clotting factors are infused into the bloodstream.
• Fresh frozen plasma (FFP): Used to treat patients with multiple clotting factor deficiencies.
• Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC): Used for Factor II, VII, IX, and X deficiencies.
• Antifibrinolytic drugs: These help prevent the breakdown of blood clots.
• Vitamin K supplements: Useful in cases of vitamin K-related clotting factor deficiencies.

In some cases, patients may need regular prophylactic treatment to prevent bleeding episodes, especially before surgery or dental procedures.

Cost of Treatment and Stay in India

The cost of treating factor deficiencies in India is relatively affordable, making it a preferred destination for medical care. The overall cost of treatment, including hospital stay, can vary depending on the type of factor deficiency, the complexity of the condition, and the duration of the treatment required. Here’s an overview of the costs:

• Initial Consultation:
  USD: $30 – $100
  INR: ₹2,200 – ₹7,400

• Blood Tests (Coagulation Factor Assays, CBC, PT, aPTT):
  USD: $50 – $200
  INR: ₹3,700 – ₹14,800

• Factor Replacement Therapy (per infusion):
  USD: $200 – $1,000
  INR: ₹15,000 – ₹75,000

• Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP):
  USD: $50 – $150 per unit
  INR: ₹3,700 – ₹11,000 per unit

• Prothrombin Complex Concentrates (PCC):
  USD: $500 – $2,000
  INR: ₹37,000 – ₹1,50,000

• Antifibrinolytic Drugs (per month):
  USD: $50 – $200
  INR: ₹3,700 – ₹14,800

• Hospital Stay (per night):
  USD: $25 – $200
  INR: ₹2,000 – ₹15,000 per night

India’s healthcare system offers world-class treatment at a fraction of the cost of treatment in many Western countries. With personalized care under the expertise of Dr. Rahul Bhargava, patients can receive top-notch medical services for managing factor deficiencies. The costs are significantly lower than in many developed countries, while still ensuring the highest standards of medical care.